Нейрохирургия
doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2023-25-1-94-107
ЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ МОТОРНАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТИНА ПРИ ЕЁ ПОРАЖЕНИИ

И.М. Алексеев, А.А. Зуев

Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова, Москва, Российская Федерация

Материал и методы: Дополнительная моторная область (ДМО) – кортикальный регион, расположенный на медиальной поверхности лобной доли головного мозга, полностью находящийся в пределах межполушарной щели между первичной моторной и префронтальной корой. Данная область является неоднородным по своей структуре и связям с другими отделами головного мозга регионом, и на основании этих различий в ней отдельно выделяют преддополнительную и собственно дополнительную моторные области. Многочисленные нейронные связи с другими отделами ЦНС предполагают участие ДМО в осуществлении многих когнитивных, а не только высших моторных функций, как считалось ранее. В частности, в доминантном полушарии ДМО осуществляет речевую функцию посредством лобного косого пучка – тракта белого вещества, связывающего ДМО с областью Брока. При возникновении различных патологий, затрагивающих ДМО, а также после нейрохирургических манипуляций в этой области могут возникать разнообразные неврологические нарушения как двигательные, так и речевые. При поражении доминантного полушария может возникнуть синдром ДМО (акинетический мутизм). В настоящем обзоре представлено описание анатомических, цитоархитектонических и функциональных особенностей ДМО, а также подробно описана клиническая картина поражения данного кортикального региона.

Ключевые слова: головной мозг, дополнительная моторная область, дополнительная моторная зона, синдром ДМО.

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Сведения об авторах:

Алексеев Иван Максимович,
врач-нейрохирург, аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии Института усовершенствования врачей, Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8107-3065
E-mail: alexeev.im@yandex.ru

Зуев Андрей Александрович,
доктор медицинских наук, зав. кафедрой нейрохирургии Института усовершенствования врачей, Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2974-1462
E-mail: mosbrain@gmail.com

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Конфликт интересов: отсутствует

Адрес для корреспонденции:

Алексеев Иван Максимович
врач-нейрохирург, аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии Института усовершенствования врачей, Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова

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