ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Стоматология
doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2025-27-2-453-462
ОСТЕОИНДУКТИВНЫЕ И ПРОТИВОМИКРОБНЫЕ НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫЕ ПОКРЫТИЯ ДЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ

А.В. БЛИНОВА1, А.А. АВАКЯН2, И.В. КОРОЛЁВ3, И.А. ТРОФИМОВ4

1Кафедра пародонтологии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, Тверь, Российская Федерация
2Кафедра стоматологии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, Тверь, Российская Федерация
3Кафедра стоматологии общей практики Медицинского института, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, Белгород, Российская Федерация
4Лечебный факультет, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, Тверь, Российская Федерация

В связи с увеличением общего числа устанавливаемых имплантатов, растёт и процент их утрат, вследствие воспалительных осложнений – периимплантита и периимплантного мукозита. Для повышения прогнозируемости лечения и активации биологических процессов, ответственных за интеграцию имплантата, разрабатываются дентальные имплантаты с модифицированными поверхностями. Основные векторы развития имплантологии направлены, с одной стороны, на создание технологий, обеспечивающих высокое химическое сродство биологически инертного титанового имплантата с окружающими тканями (например, создание особого микрорельефа или внедрение биологически активных сигнальных молекул: аминокислот, пептидов, нуклеотидов). С другой стороны, разрабатываются покрытия, основной целью которых становится воспрепятствование жизнедеятельности патогенных микроорганизмов и предотвращение образования микробных биоплёнок. Это достигается, в том числе, за счёт биоцидных свойств наноразмерных частиц металлов и органических соединений: хитозана и графена. В настоящем обзоре литературы использовано 67 статей на английском языке, опубликованных в период с 2018 по 2024 год, размещённых на платформах PubMed и Cochrane и посвящённых вопросам создания биологически активных дентальных имплантатов. Из них 7 представляли собой обзоры литературы и мета-анализы, 60 – оригинальные клинико-лабораторные исследования.

Ключевые слова: дентальная имплантация, нанотехнологии, биокерамика, графен, костные морфогенетические белки, генная инженерия.

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Сведения об авторах:

Блинова Алиса Владимировна,
кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пародонтологии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4315-163X
SPIN-код: 4239-0519
Author ID: 985695
E-mail: blinova-alisa@mail.ru

Авакян Айк Артурович,
ординатор 1 года обучения кафедры стоматологии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-9149-7552
E-mail: avakyan.aik007@yandex.ru

Королёв Игорь Викторович,
ординатор 1 года обучения кафедры стоматологии общей практики Медицинского института, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет
ORCID ID: 0009-0008-4251-8445
E-mail: notyouraddon@gmail.com

Трофимов Илья Алексеевич,
студент 5 курса лечебного факультета, Тверской государственный медицинский университет
ORCID ID: 0009-0004-5825-9434
E-mail: maddissonxd@mail.ru

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Блинова Алиса Владимировна
кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пародонтологии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет

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