Кардиология
doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2026-28-1-152-161
ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ РИТМА СЕРДЦА КАК ИНДИКАТОР ГОТОВНОСТИ СПОРТСМЕНОВ К ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫМ НАГРУЗКАМ
1Самаркандский государственный медицинский университет, Самарканд, Республика Узбекистан
2Бухарский государственный медицинский институт им. Абу Али ибн Сино, Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Цель: систематизация данных по применению анализа ВРС для оценки готовности спортсменов к нагрузкам и разработки рекомендаций по адаптации тренировочных программ.
Материал и методы: проведён анализ 60 рецензируемых исследований, опубликованных в базах Scopus, PubMed и Web of Science в период с января 2018 по декабрь 2024 года. В качестве ключевых слов использованы: “heart rate variability”, “training readiness”, “athletes”, “recovery”, “overtraining”. Критерии включения: статьи с данными по ВРС (SDNN, rMSSD, HF, LF, LF/HF) у спортсменов в процессе тренировок и восста- новления. Исключены нерецензируемые публикации, материалы конференций и исследования, не связанные с атлетической популяцией.
Результаты: высокие значения SDNN и rMSSD коррелируют с уровнем восстановления и готовности спортсменов, тогда как снижение HF и рост LF/HF связаны с усталостью и риском травм. Регулярный мониторинг ВРС снижает риск перетренированности на 34% и травм – на 27%. Внешние факторы, такие как недостаток сна, стресс и дефицит калорий, существенно влияют на показатели ВРС. Статья предлагает реко- мендации по ежедневному мониторингу ВРС, индивидуализации программ тренировок и восстановления, учёту гендерных и возрастных различий. Практическая ценность заключается в визуализации данных ВРС и их использовании для адаптации программ, что полезно для тренеров и спортивных врачей.
Заключение: анализ ВРС – перспективный метод оценки готовности к нагрузкам и профилактики травм, позволяющий своевременно коррек- тировать тренировочные программы.
Ключевые слова: вариабельность ритма сердца, тренировочная готовность, спортсмены, вегетативная нервная система, восстановление, перетренированность.
Литература
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Сведения об авторах:
Дониёров Бахриддин Бахром угли,
докторант PhD кафедры медицинской реабилитации, спортивной медицины и народной медицины, Самаркандский государственный медицинский университет
Scopus ID: 57224063696
ORCID ID: 0009-0004-2495-8667
E-mail: zoxiroshbaxromov@gmail.com
Мавлянова Зилола Фархадовна,
доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой медицинской реабилитации, спортивной медицины и народной медицины, Самаркандский государственный медицинский университет
Scopus ID: 57224063696
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7862-2625
E-mail: reab.sammi@mail.ru
Хамдамова Мухайёхон Тухтасиновна,
доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии, Бухарский государственный медицинский институт им. Абу Али ибн Сино
Scopus ID: 57224063696
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3128-6120
E-mail: muhayo-1969@mail.ru
Конфликт интересов: отсутствует
Адрес для корреспонденции:
Мавлянова Зилола Фархадовна
доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой медицинской реабилитации, спортивной медицины и народной медицины, Самарканд- ский государственный медицинский университет
140100, Республика Узбекистан, г. Самарканд, ул. Амира Темура, 18
Тел.: +998 (915) 229391
E-mail: reab.sammi@mail.ru
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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