RISK FACTORS OF HOSPITALIZED STROKE PATIENTS IN THE VASCULAR DEPARTMENT OF A CITY HOSPITAL

A.V. NIKOLAEVA^¹, R.F. IBRAGIMOVA^¹, E.I. AKTIEVA^¹, N.A. KUTYAVIN^¹, N.V. KOMISSAROVA^²

¹Department of Policlinic Therapy with Courses of Clinical Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine of the Advanced Training Faculty, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
²Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russian Federation

Objective: To evaluate the severity and functional outcomes of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) based on risk factors and patient management strategies in the city vascular center.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 41 patients hospitalized for a stroke in the vascular department in 2023. The analysis focused on the demographic characteristics of the patients, management strategies in the outpatient clinic before and after hospitalization, and an evaluation of key clinical and laboratory data at both the outpatient and hospital levels.

Results: A study showed that 59% of the patients examined were women. Only 27% of the patients were admitted to the hospital within the first 6 hours after experiencing a stroke. The most common risk factors among these patients included uncontrolled arterial hypertension (AH), obesity and overweight, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Only 46% of the patients received lipid-lowering therapy during outpatient follow-up, while 14% were on monotherapy with antihypertensive agents. After being discharged from the hospital, there were no statistically significant changes in lipid levels or blood pressure (BP) during outpatient management. The severity of the stroke was correlated with fluctuations in blood pressure; a negative statistically significant correlation was observed between the variability of diastolic blood pressure and the severity of the stroke, as measured by the NIHSS scale (r=-0.33; p<0.05), as well as the functional outcome assessed by the Rankin scale (r=-0.368; p<0.05).

Conclusion: The efforts of primary care physicians to achieve target blood pressure and lipid levels are often insufficient. Effective management of patients with high cardiometabolic risk factors in an outpatient setting is crucial for preventing both primary and secondary strokes. This responsibility mainly falls on primary care physicians, including general practitioners and specialists.

Keywords: Acute cerebrovascular accident, risk factors, prevention, lipid-lowering therapy, antihypertensive therapy.

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