REVIEW ARTICLE
Neurosurgery
doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2025-27-1-107-122
INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES AND PROGNOSIS

N.O. RAKHIMOV¹,², KH.D. RAKHMONOV¹,², D.R. SANGINOV¹, S.SH. BAKHODUROV², M.V. DAVLATOV¹

1Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
2National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan "Shifobakhsh", Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

The literature review explores various aspects of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages (NTIH), including epidemiology, prevention, etiological factors, and clinical features. The search for relevant literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and eLibrary, covering the period from 2010 to 2023. A total of 1,100 sources were identified, and 68 articles were selected after analysis, reflecting the core topics of interest. The search utilized keywords such as "non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage", "epidemiology", "prevention", "etiology", "prognostic factors", "outcome", and "clinical signs".

Keywords: Intracranial hemorrhage, epidemiology, prevention, etiology, prognostic factors, outcome, clinical signs.

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Authors' information:

Rakhimov Narzullo Odinaevich,
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Neurosurgery and Polytrauma, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University; Neurosurgeon of the Department of Neurosurgery, National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh”
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8471-1808
Е-mail: narzullorahimov91@gmail.com

Rakhmonov Khurshed Dzhamshedovich,
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Principal Researcher of the Department of Neurosurgery, National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh”; Associate Professor of the Department of Neurosurgery and Polytrauma, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6782-2979
Е-mail: doc-Rahmonov@mail.ru

Sanginov Dzhumaboy Rakhmatovich,
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4804-1952
Е-mail: sanginov1952@gmail.ru

Bakhodurov Subkhoniddin Sharofiddinovich,
Neurosurgeon of the Department of Neurosurgery, National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh”
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5501-19390
Е-mail: subhon-neuro@mail.ru

Davlatov Manuchekhr Valievich,
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Neurosurgery and Polytrauma, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5504-19388
Е-mail: manuchehrd@mail.ru

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The authors did not receive financial support from manufacturers of medi- cines and medical equipment

Conflicts of interest: No conflict

Address for correspondence:

Rakhimov Narzullo Odinaevich
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Neurosurgery and Polytrauma, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University; Neurosurgeon of the Department of Neurosurgery, National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh”

734026, Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Sino str., 29-31

Tel.: +992 (918) 470304

Е-mail: narzullorahimov91@gmail.com


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