ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN HEREDITARY HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN CHILDREN

K.I. ISMOILOV¹, M.S. KHUSENOVA¹, A.M. SABUROVA², KH.R. NASYRDZHОNOVA²

¹Department of Pediatric Diseases № 2, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
²Department of Biochemistry, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

Objective: To examine the parameters of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS) in children with hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA).

Methods: A study was conducted in the Pediatric Hematology Department of the National Medical Center "Shifobakhsh" in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, involving 60 patients diagnosed with HHA. Based on the severity of HHA, the patients were divided into three groups: 20 children (33%) with mild HHA, 23 children (39%) with moderate HHA, and 17 children (28%) with severe HHA. A control group was established, comprising 20 healthy children matched by gender and age to the study groups. For all participants, the study measured the parameters of LPO and AOS. Specific biomarkers evaluated included malonic dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbic acid (AA).

Results: When comparing MDA levels in children from the control group (0.58 [0.48; 0.69] μmol/l) to those in study groups based on the severity of anemia, significant differences were observed. The MDA levels were as follows: mild anemia had levels of 1.62 [1.35; 1.78] μmol/l, moderate anemia had levels of 2.14 [2.10; 2.19] μmol/l, and severe anemia had levels of 3.10 [2.95; 3.12] μmol/l, with a statistically significant difference noted (p<0.001). Furthermore, significant differences were observed when evaluating the indicators of AOS, specifically SOD and AA levels. In patients with moderate anemia, the SOD was 9.6 [9.0; 9.8] U/ml, and AA levels were 45.1 [43.3; 47.2] mmol/l. In patients with severe anemia, SOD levels were lower at 7.4 [7.2; 7.7] U/ml, and AA levels were 39.5 [39.2; 39.8] mmol/l. In comparison, patients with mild anemia had SOD levels of 15.4 [15.1; 15.7] U/ ml and AA levels of 54.6 [52.3; 58.4] mmol/l. The control group had SOD levels of 14.4 [14.2; 14.9] U/ml and AA levels of 72.8 [70.0; 74.6] mmol/l. All comparisons showed statistically significant differences (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The analysis of the study results revealed significant changes in LPO and AOS parameters, which were correlated with the severity of anemia, resulting in a worsening of the patients' condition.

Keywords: Hereditary hemolytic anemia, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system, oxidative stress, malonic dialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid.

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